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About Coronary Heart Disease – Signs, Symptoms and Heart Risk Factors
What is coronary heart disease?
Heart disease, or more specifically coronary heart disease (CHD), is caused by hardening or narrowing of the arteries around the heart. These blood vessels provide fuel and oxygen to the heart muscle, allowing it to pump blood to all organs of the body. Aging, poor diet and an unhealthy lifestyle can lead to the formation of fat and cholesterol-rich deposits on the smooth lining of arteries, which can even begin in childhood.
What are the signs or symptoms of coronary heart disease (CHD)?
Angina
Angina is usually the first sign of heart disease and manifests as pain in the chest, but sometimes it can also appear in the shoulders, arms, throat, or jaw. Narrowed coronary arteries reduce the speed at which blood is delivered to the beating heart muscle. The pain is usually severe or tight and usually lasts less than 10 minutes. Angina usually occurs during strenuous activity, which makes the heart beat faster and increases the need for energy and oxygen. The discomfort of angina is more likely to occur in cold, windy weather, after eating a large meal, or in situations of excitement or stress. Rest, relax, and for some people, angina medication usually relieves symptoms within minutes. Angina can become more severe when it occurs at rest or with minimal activity, or when it occurs more frequently or in severity.
heart attack
A heart attack occurs suddenly when a blood clot forms in a narrowed coronary artery, completely blocking blood flow, thereby killing an area of heart muscle. Typically, the pain is sharp and crushing, lasts longer than 15 minutes, and is not relieved by rest. Results depend on the location and size of the arteries involved and the affected area of the heart muscle. When only a small area is involved, the chances of full recovery are high. However, if a larger area is involved, a heart attack can be fatal or result in an incomplete recovery because the heart muscle loses some strength and strength. Sometimes the heart stops completely or an abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) takes over, both of which can lead to sudden death.
stroke
Most strokes happen in a similar way to a heart attack, but the arteries involved are those that supply blood to the brain. A stroke occurs when part of the brain is deprived of blood flow, usually due to a sudden blockage of an artery by a blood clot. A “mini-stroke” occurs when the brain briefly loses blood supply but manages to recover within minutes. People who have had a heart attack have an increased risk of stroke, and vice versa.
Classic Cardiac Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease
Some risk factors for heart disease that you cannot change:
- Age – the older you are, the greater the risk
- Men-Women at lower risk before menopause
- Family history—especially close relatives under the age of 55 (for men) or 65 (for women) with heart disease
- Ethnicity (for example, South Asian)
Some risk factors for heart disease that can be reduced, controlled, or eliminated:
- high blood cholesterol
- hypertension
- diabetes
- overweight
- smokes
- lack of physical activity
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