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Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) or Chronic Lung Disease in Your Premature Baby

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia (BPD) or Chronic Lung Disease is a problem that usually appears in premature babies born more than 4 weeks premature (less than 36 weeks gestation), weighing less than 3 ½ pounds (less than 1500 grams), and within the first 4 weeks of birth. Premature babies born with BPD have lungs that don’t work properly, making breathing very difficult. Extra oxygen is needed and many times a breathing machine (ventilator) is also needed. Premature babies develop BPD from immature lungs, high levels of oxygen, ventilators, infections, pneumonia, or other environmental sources that cause irritation to the lungs.

The breathing problems in these premature babies must be treated quickly as this can lead to low oxygen levels in the blood affecting the premature baby’s brain, heart, liver and kidneys. However, health care providers must be careful about being too aggressive because some of the treatments can carry their own risk factors if used too freely or often. Many times the risks must be weighed to see which options are in the best interest of the baby for survival and that can change from moment to moment.

Some symptoms of BPD may include tachypnea, coughing, wheezing, chest retraction, swing like breathing, neck straining, and episodes of blue skin. Doctors confirm the diagnosis and severity of BPD by using a chest X-ray, estimating the length of time oxygen is needed, and determining whether lung injury has occurred. Treating BPD is difficult because there is no specific treatment or medication that makes it go away.

Treating the symptoms with oxygen, the infections with medicine, and keeping the premature baby well-nourished with adequate amounts of fluid will give the baby’s lungs a chance to mature and heal. Sometimes a premature baby will appear to exhibit symptoms of BPD, but the diagnosis will be Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS). RDS, also known as Hyaline Membrane Disease, or Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome, is one of the most common lung problems in premature babies. Premature infant BPD (Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia) survivors tend to grow more slowly than usual, and to be smaller than infants of the same age.

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