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Why Babies Have Acid Reflux

You may have heard of GERD or gastro-oesophageal reflux disease in adults. Have you heard of reflux in babies? Well, about half of all babies who are under 3 months old have reflux. Let’s see why babies have acid reflux in this article.

What is Baby Acid Reflux?

Baby GERD or baby acid reflux is the attack of spitting or regurgitation of food (milk) swallowed in the stomach back into the food pipe (esophagus). Sometimes, the food goes back into the stomach or is mostly vomited back up. Babies tend to spit up after almost every feed. It occurs when milk and acid are pushed back into the throat or mouth.

Why Do Babies Experience Acid Reflux?

Acid reflux in babies occurs because their digestive systems are immature. When food is swallowed, the esophagus automatically contracts and pushes the food down into the stomach. A valve called the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxes and allows the food to pass through. The LES prevents the food and acids from moving back up the esophagus. However, in GERD, the valve does not close properly or stays open. Thus, allowing backflow of stomach acids and food into the esophagus.

In infants, the reflux occurs because the LES valve is weak and may not close properly. Second, babies tend to lie down most often and their esophagus is shorter than a full grown adult. Thus, babies spit up or burp after every feed. This is usually not painful and quite normal in babies under 1 year old. Sometimes, the milk can mix with stomach acids and appear. This irritates the inner lining of the esophagus causing pain and restlessness in the baby.

Reflux is not bad for babies, as it helps to reduce the pressure if the baby has swallowed more milk and overcome the stomach discomfort.

What Are the Signs of Baby Acid Reflux?

Generally, babies do not show any symptoms of acid reflux. They just tend to spill milk after eating. However, when acid is mixed with the regurgitated milk, it can cause some symptoms. When the baby who spits up after feeding can damage his clothes, and even yours, yet does not seem to be affected by it, it means that it is normal regurgitation.

However, if it bothers the baby and leads to pain, discomfort and crying during or after eating. Their vomiting is more severe after eating. Some babies may vomit more than they feed and tend to lose weight or cannot gain weight.

Sometimes, these symptoms can go beyond acid reflux. They may suffer from lactose intolerance, stomach infections or gastrointestinal disorders. Some babies also suffer from silent reflux, which does not cause any visible symptoms. Such babies may cry a lot and seem to be in pain from a constant cough. However, they can appear slightly relaxed when held upright.

How to Treat Baby Acid Reflux?

Infant acid reflux is not a condition that requires treatment normally. It usually goes away on its own as the baby grows. However, if it seems troublesome to the baby, then you can try to change the brand of milk for formula-fed babies, or the mom should adjust her own diet for a breast-fed baby.

Give the baby frequent small meals so that the stomach does not get too full. Keep the baby upright for at least half an hour after feeding to allow the milk to go down into the stomach. Allow a quiet time after eating so that the milk can be digested and not lead to discomfort and gas.

When it comes to baby acid reflux, all you can do is help your baby get comfortable and burp it all out. If it seems annoying and worrying to you, talk to your baby’s pediatrician for more advice.

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