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Premature Babies – How Pre-Term Babies Are Cared For
A premature or premature baby is born before 36 weeks. A baby born weighing less than 2.5 kg (51/2 lb) is called a low birth weight baby.
Doctors will try to delay the birth of a premature baby, if possible, by prescribing bed rest and sedation for the mother. It is possible for a baby to live if born after only 24, or more usually 28, weeks of pregnancy, but the complications can be serious and special care is needed. Premature birth can be caused by multiple births, pre-eclampsia, placental problems or illness in the mother.
Being a few weeks premature is not serious, but very early babies can have problems with temperature control, feeding, breathing, and possibly jaundice. They have only a thin layer of fat under the skin and therefore cannot keep themselves warm, and can suffer from hypothermia; they may not be able to suckle for several weeks and will need to be fed through a tube with expressed
Breast milk; or their breathing may be affected because the lungs are immature, resulting in respiratory distress syndrome. The baby may receive extra oxygen.
Low birth weight babies (or small for dates) do not grow and eat properly in the womb. They look very small, thin, old and wrinkled. As premature babies, they need special care to fight infection and special nutrition to increase their weight. Babies weighing as little as 1 kg (2 lb) at birth can now survive.
Babies who need special care when they are born will be immediately taken to the special care unit, where they will be placed in a warm incubator. The incubator is a bed with a perspex cover, in which the heat and humidity can be carefully controlled. The atmosphere is clean and sterile to prevent infection, and there is a special mattress that monitors the baby’s breathing, and beeps a warning when necessary. The incubator has portholes to allow the baby to be fed, cleaned and changed with as little exposure to the outside air as possible. The parents are encouraged to be involved in the care of the baby as much as possible, in order to establish a close physical and emotional bond.
Premature or low birth weight a baby leaves hospital when she is able to feed and maintain temperature, and the mother knows how to take care of her. She usually reaches a normal baby during her first year, although this takes longer in the preterm, especially those under 32 weeks.
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