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Ultra Sound Procedure and Types

Ultrasound is a medical procedure that works by using high frequency sound waves to examine internal organs in a patient but mostly carried out for pregnant women. It scans a woman’s pelvic cavity and abdomen to form an image of the fetus and placenta. Sonogram and ultrasound are terms that differ from each other but are often used interchangeably to refer to the same examination. It detects any malfunction, abnormality or defects related to the fetus. These are usually used in combination with other tests to confirm the diagnosis.

Why Ultra sound

It is very important to get scans every three months during pregnancy. Since it is almost impossible to observe the fetal position, condition and other factors inside the mother’s uterus, the scan makes it clearer to examine for any abnormalities. The gynecologist can thus treat any complication before its severe damage. So it can be safely said that an ultrasound is necessary during every pregnancy but under the supervision of an expert.

What is the procedure?

Ultrasound is performed by applying a gel on the abdomen. This acts as a conductor for sound waves, allowing them to penetrate inside. The expert then uses a device to produce sound waves into the woman’s uterus. Those waves bounce off tissues and bones returning to that device generating black and white images of the fetus developing inside.

The types

Seven different ultrasound tests are taken. The basic process remains the same in all types. A brief description of each is given below:

Standard Ultrasound

It uses a device over the abdominal area to create two-dimensional (2-D) images of the fetus developing inside.

Advanced Ultra Sound

This test is similar to the standard one but it is done using more equipment to target a problem that is suspected by an experienced doctor.

3-D Ultrasound

As the name suggests, it gives three-dimensional images of the fetus in the womb. For this purpose, specially designed surveys and software are taken help of to complete the process.

Dynamic 3 D Ultra sound

Also known as 4-D, it is more advanced and clearer than 2 or 3D images. There are specially designed scanning machines for this. It is taken in the last stage of pregnancy to observe the face and movement of the baby before delivery.

Transvaginal Scans

To generate images, probe transducers are used inside the vagina. Usually it is taken in the pregnancy which is in an earlier stage.

Echocardiography (Heart ultrasound)

Fetal echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to assess anatomy and function of a baby’s heart. It also helps to evaluate any suspected congenital heart defects in the fetus, thus held really important in the medical procedures related to female reproduction. Once a defect is diagnosed, relevant treatment is given along with lifestyle modification and necessary precautions of certain medicines, foods and activities.

Doppler ultrasound

This procedure actually measures changes in the frequency of ultrasound waves as they bounce off moving objects. This image examines blood cells.

Gynecologists recommend when and what type of scan is needed to make the correct diagnosis of any complicated condition.

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