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Ten Facts for Men About Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer that affects men and there are more than 40,000 men diagnosed with it in the UK each year. However, the symptoms are quite difficult to detect, because they develop quite slowly. The first sign of the cancer is usually when a man has difficulty urinating, or the frequency in the need to urinate changes. These are not always signs of prostate cancer, but if a man experiences any symptoms like these, then they should visit their doctor for a checkup. Here are ten facts about prostate cancer that every man should be aware of.

1. What kind of person is most at risk?

The exact causes of prostate cancer are unknown. It can affect men of any age, but it is more prevalent in older men. It is more common in African and Afro-Caribbean men and it is less common in Asian men, but the reasons for this are also unknown. People who have fathers or brothers who have a history of the cancer are also statistically more at risk.

2. What is the prostate gland for?

The prostate is a gland that is about the size of a walnut. It sits between the bladder and the penis and its function is to produce the fluid that is ejaculated with the sperm in semen. This fluid is there to nourish and protect the sperm.

3. In which age groups is it most common?

It is most common in men who are over 65, and it is very rare for men under 40 to develop it. The disease is very common, but not always fatal. Most prostate cancers are very slow-growing and in one autopsy study, it was found that 75% of men over 75 who died of other causes had the cancer.

4. How do they test for prostate cancer?

The usual initial test is a direct physical examination. This can then be followed up with a blood test which is called a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. The blood test can be misleading however, as there may be other causes of elevated PSA levels.

5. It does not always need to be treated

Due to the fact that many types of prostate cancer progress so slowly, it does not always need to be treated right away. In some cases, men may choose not to have immediate treatment in favor of close monitoring instead. This is known as active surveillance.

6. Why aren’t men screened for prostate cancer?

There is an ongoing debate about the effectiveness of regular screening of men for prostate cancer. Early diagnosis makes treatment easier, but the tests are not 100% reliable, so regular screening could lead to unnecessary surgical procedures being carried out in some men.

7. How can you protect yourself from prostate cancer?

It is more common in obese men who eat a poor diet and do not exercise regularly. It is also more prevalent in meat eaters than in vegetarians. As with most cancers, the best advice is to stay fit and eat a healthy diet that includes plenty of fruit and vegetables.

8. Prostate cancer is survivable

Like many other forms of cancer, with modern treatment methods and because it can be so slow to develop, prostate cancer is certainly not always fatal. It is, in fact, perfectly possible to live with cancer and experience no symptoms at all for many years.

9. How do they deal with it?

Treatment is very often best delayed, but where there is a danger of the cancer spreading to other parts of the body, treatments include radiotherapy, hormone treatment and surgical removal of the prostate gland.

10. Always see a doctor if you are not sure

If you have difficulty urinating, or if you feel the need to urinate more often, you should see your doctor for a check-up. While men can live with prostate cancer for many years, if you have developed the cancer, you will need to be closely monitored, even if you do not need another form of immediate treatment.

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